In this focus area of the Toolbox you find guidance on how to access and generate data on various aspects related to antibiotic resistance in humans, animals and the environment. Having accurate data is crucial to assess the antibiotic resistance situation and to determine the impact of interventions.
The MEASURE focus area covers the following categories:
- Burden of antibiotic resistance
- Antibiotic resistance
- Consumption of antibiotics
- Appropriate use of antibiotics
- Infections
- Quality of antibiotics
- Knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices (KABP)
The narrative text is accompanied by “Selected resources” of hands-on materials that may be used directly or adapted to your particular setting. Browse through then pick and choose what material is most helpful for you!
Why measure?
Action and investment in antibiotic resistance should be evidence-based and cost-effective. Knowledge of for example resistance levels, antibiotic use, prevalence of infections, drug quality, and social-behavioral factors helps assess the situation and guide treatment decisions, interventions and policy development. These data also support evaluation of interventions and development of treatment guidelines and essential drug lists.
How to measure antibiotic resistance
The ability to measure antibiotic resistance varies by country and region. Although there is still limited data available in many settings, it is always good to start by reviewing existing data. Next, new data can be generated, even on a small scale. Point prevalence surveys are a practical first step to quickly assess the situation. KABP surveys provide insights into antibiotic use and resistance drivers. Over time, these efforts can expand and also feed into monitoring and surveillance systems.